基本定義
強調句(The Emphatic Pattern)是一種修辭，是人們為了表達自己的意願或情感而使用的一種形式。通過各種方式對句子中的某個部分進行強調，從而起到修辭的作用。
英語常用的強調結構是"It is(was)+被強調部分(主語、賓語或狀語)+who(that)..."。一般說來,被強調部分指人時,用who;指事物時用that,但that也可以指人。在美國英語中指事物時常用which來代替that。
常用句型
陳述句的強調句型
It is/was+被強調部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當強調主語且主語指人）+其他部分。
例子It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
一般疑問句的強調句型
同上，隻是把is/was提到it前面。
例子Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
特殊疑問句的強調句型
被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分？
例子When and where was it that you were born?
not…until…句型的強調句
A.句型為：It is/ was not until+被強調部分+that+其他部分
普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
強調句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
B.注意：
此句型隻用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till,until可通用；因為句型中It is/was not ...已經是否定句了，that後面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
謂語動詞的強調
A. It is/ was ... that ...結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，用助動詞do/does或did
Do sit down.務必請坐。
Do be careful when you cross the street.過馬路時，務必（千萬）要小心啊！
B.注意：
此種強調隻用do/does和did，沒有别的形式；過去時用did，後面的謂語動詞用原形。
強調形式
常見到的強調形式，共有以下七類：
用dodoesdid+V可表強調
Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace.
adv或adj可表強調：NeveronlyVery
This is the very question that deserves careful analysis.
雙重否定可表強調
Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.
what引導的主從可表強調
What really matters is cooperation.
倒裝可表強調(凡是倒裝都可以表示強調)
Littlie do people take into account the seriousness of this problem.
比較狀語從句可表強調
Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.
強調句型可表強調
It is was +被強調部份+ that who +原句剩餘部份
It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps.
語法結構
強調句的十種結構：
用助動詞“do（does／did）＋動詞原形”來表示強調：
Do write to me when you get there．你到那兒後務必給我來信。
用形容詞very，only，single，such等修飾名詞或形容詞來加強語氣：
How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎麼敢買這麼貴的寶石呢？
用ever，never，very，just等副詞和badly，highly，really等帶有－ly的副詞來進行強調：
I really don’t know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步該怎麼做。
用in the world，on earth，at all等介詞短語可以表達更強的語氣（常用于疑問句）：
Where in the world could he be？他到底會在哪兒？
用感歎句來表示強烈的感情，突出說話人的情感：
How interesting a story it is！這是一個多麼有趣的故事啊！
用重複來表示強調：
Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。
用倒裝句（也就是将要強調的句子或被強調的部分置于句首）來加強語氣：
On the table were some flowers．桌上擺着一些花。（強調地點）
用強調句型：“It is（was）＋被強調的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”來強調說話人的意願：
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有這一切發生在周一晚上。
用If來表示強調：
1）If從句＋I don’t know who／what，etc．does／is／has，etc．
主語部分也可以用nobody does／is／has，etc．或everybody does／is／has，etc．來代替（這裡的if從句往往是正話反說，反話正說）：
If he can’t do it，I don’t know who can．要是他做不了這件事，我不知道還有誰能做。（強調隻有他能做） If Jim is a coward，everybody is．要是吉姆是個膽小鬼，那麼人人都是膽小鬼。（強調吉姆不是膽小鬼）
2）if從句＋it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中強調句型的變形，即把所要強調的内容放在it be的後面，把其它内容放在由if引導的從句中）：
If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom．如果說誰了解事實的真相，那便是湯姆。
用破折号、黑體字也可以表示強調，加強語氣：
It’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work．那是因為艱苦的工作--十年艱苦的工作！
He began the work in late May．他在五月底開始的這項工作。（強調時間）
最近14年(含2008年)高考英語語法題詳解
強調句
1.It was about 600 years ago __________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET 1997)
A. that B. until
C. before D. when
2.It was only when I reread his poems recently __________ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET 1998)
A. until B. that
C. then D. so
3.It is the ability to do the work __________ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)
A. one B. that
C. what D. it
4.—Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?
—__________. (1996上海卷)
A. I didn’t know he was B. Yes, it was
C. No, he wasn’t D. Yes, he did
5.Was __________ that I saw last night at the concert? (1997上海卷)
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that yourself
6.It was __________ he said __________ disappointed me. (1999上海卷)
A. what; that B. that; that
C. what; what D. that; what
7.It is these poisonous products __________ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (2003上海卷)
A. who B. that
C. how D. what
8.It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages __________ attracted the audience’s interest. (2000上海春)
A. so that B. that
C. what D. in which
9.It was for this reason __________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. (2001上海春)
A. which B. why
C. tat D. how
10.It was __________back home after the experiments. (2004湖北卷)
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go
11.Why! I have nothing to confess. __________you want me to say? (2004上海卷)
A. What is it that B. What it is that
C. How is it that D. How it is that
12.It wasn’t until nearly a month later __________ I received the manager’s reply. (2005全國卷I)
A. sinc B. when
C. as D. that
13.It is what you do rather than what you way __________matters (2005天津卷)
A. that B. what
C. which D. this
14.— __________ that he manage to get the information.
—Oh, a friend of his helped him. (2005山東卷)
A. Where was it B. What was it
C. How was it D. Why was it
【答案與解析】
1.A。該句強調時間狀語。判斷是否是強調結構的方法是：将it is卼hat三個詞去掉，句子(有時要調整順序)依然正确，就是強調結構，否則就不是。
2.B。強調時間狀語從句。
3.B。強調的是主語。
4.B。對強調結構的一般問句的回答，若是過去式用Yes, it was. 或 No, it wasn’t.
5.A。強調賓語(you)。強調結構的一般問句是：Was / Is it+被強調部分+that+句子的其他部分？強調結構的特殊問句是：疑問詞+was / is it that+句子的其他部分？如 When was it that you came back?
6.A。強調what引導的主語從句。
7.B。強調主語。
8.B。It was…that…是強調結構。此結構可強調除謂語外的任何一個句子成分，該句強調的是how引導的主語從句
9.C。強調的是作原因狀語的介詞短語。
10.C。因為not…until…的強調結構是：it be not until…that…(肯定)。也不要用倒裝，故選C。順便說說，也可用not until開頭來強調，此時要倒裝，請比較：Not until midnight did he went back…。
11.A。考查強調結構的特殊問句的句式。因為及物動詞say要接賓語，排除C和D;這是一個疑問句，所以is要放在it之前，排除B，隻有A正确。
12.D。因為It wasn’t until…that…是not…until…的強調結構。
13.A。強調結構，強調的是主語從句。
14.C。強調結構，由答語可知，應當用how。
注意事項
that後的強調句如果是原因狀語從句，從句隻能用because引導，不能用since，as或why。
It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river。
句型練習
與主語從句的比較1.---Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?---No,___ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. it was B. there is C. it were D. there was
2.---Who is making so much noise in the garden? --- ___ the children.
A. It is B. They are C. That is D . There are
3.It was ___ she was about to go out ____ the telephone rang.
A. when ; that B. so; that C. before; then D. when; before
4.It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; when D. it; when
5.____ that silver is not widely used as a conductor?
A. Why is B. Is it why C. Why is it D. Why is that
6.---I can’t find Mr. Smith .Where did you meet him this morning?--- It was in the hotel ___ he stated.
A. that B which C. the one D. where
7.It was in the small house ___ was built with stones by his father ___ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B, that ;where C, which; which D. that; which
8.It was ___ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.
A. since B .for C. as D. because
9.Is ____ three hours ____ the boy ___family is poor to come to school on foot?
A .it ;that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for ;that it takes; whose D. it; when ;that
10.his wife left him without saying goodbye.
A. that B .which C .when D. in which
11.It is a winter night ___he spent with me last night.
A. that B. where C. as D .when
12It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer.
A. that; who B. that; they C. they ;that D they ;which
13.It was ____ my teacher worked ____ I work hard.
A. where; that B. where； where C .that; that D. that ;where
14.It was evening__we reached the little town of Winchester.
A that B. until C. since D. before
15.It was until dark ___ he found ___ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. that; what B. that; that C. when; what D. when; that
16.It was until last year that he ___.
A. left school for a new start
B .came to realize the importance of learning English.
C. worked as an English teacher at a middle school
D .set out to build a new house of his town.
17、It is the ability to do the job ____ matters ,not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C .what D. it
18.I don’t know ____ that you stay here.
A. how long it is B. how long is it C. it is how long D. is it how long
19.It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. we being late B. our being late C. we were too late D. because we were late
20.---what was the party like?---Wonderful. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself much.
A. after B. before C .that D. since
從句辨析強調句将句子中的it is/was …that同時省去，句子仍然成立；而主語從句将that與後面部分代替it，成立。如：
(1)It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上所見到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若将It is 及 that同時省去為：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday.句子同樣成立，因此前面的句子是強調句型。
(2)It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V.我們成功地發射了神舟五号這件事情真令人興奮。
本句若将It is 及 that同時省去為：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V.顯然句子錯誤，因此，前面句子不是強調句型，而是主語從句。
與定語從句的比較
◎強調句中的It沒有實際意義，It be與that可同時被省略；而定語從句中的It是主語，It be與that不可同時省略；
◎強調句型中be的時态須跟後面句子的時态相一緻；而定語從句中主句謂語動詞be的時态須由主句的時間确定
◎強調句将句子中的that不能省略，并且即使前面的名詞是事物時，也不能将that換成which；而定語從句中的that作賓語時可被省略，并且當先行詞是事物時可用which代替。
◎當it be後面的時間、地點名詞作主語、賓語或表語時，引導詞可用that/which；而作其他成分時，引導詞須用when/which。如：
(1)It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday.它是我昨天買的書。(本句是對What is that?問句的回答，that所引導的是定語從句，that可被省略)
It was the English book that I bought yesterday.昨天我所賣的就是這本書。(本句相當于對I bought the English book yesterday中an English book進行強調)
(2)It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我們過去常在開會的房子。(where所引導的從句對前面的room進行說明，它是定語從句)
It was in the room that we used to have meetings.過去我們開會就在這間房子裡。(in the room是被強調的部分，本句是強調句型)
(3)It is a day when the people celebrate their victory.這是人們慶祝他們的勝利的日子。(when所引導的從句對a day進行說明，是定語從句)
It was on that day that people celebrated their victory.就在那一天，人們慶祝了他們的勝利。(強調on October 1,1949)
與狀語從句的比較
◎狀語從句句首的It本身就是句子的主語；而強調句首的It不作任何成分也沒有實際意義。
◎狀語從句的連接副詞that及句子前面的It be不能去掉
◎狀語從句的引導詞可以是when/where，而強調句型中的that不能用其他詞代替。如：
(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much.它是一本如此有趣的書，我們大家都非常喜歡。(結果狀語主從複合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我們大家都非常喜歡的就是一本如此有趣的書。(強調such an interesting book)
(比較：It is such an interesting book as we all like very much.這就是我們大家都非常喜歡的有趣的書。定語從句)
(2) It was already morning when he woke up.當他醒來時，已經是早晨了。(時間主從複合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up.就在第二天早晨他醒來了。(強調the next morning)
