简介
动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词时，短时转换句与瞬时转换句的阅读时间无显著差异;而当描述转换前事件的动词是短暂性动词时，短时转换句的阅读时间明显长于瞬时转换句的阅读时间。
延续性动词又名持续性动词，它表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。英语中的延续性动词比较多，如work， stand， lie， know等。
1. He worked all day in the laboratory.他在实验室干了一天。
2. I waited for you for more than half an hour.我等你等了半个多小时了。
表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间，for 2 years; since从句，since he came here; since+时间点名词，since last year， since 5 days ago; how long; for a longtime等。
终止性动词
也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open， die， close， begin， finish， come， go， move， borrow， lend， buy，arrive等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:Ihaven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
两者的转换
leave --- be away，
borrow --- keep，
buy --- have，
begin/start --- be on，
die --- be dead，
finish --- be over
join --- be on+组织机构， be a member of+组织机构，
open sth --- keep sth open，
fall ill --- be ill
get up---be up，
come here --- be here，
go there --- be there，
become --- be，
come back --- be back，
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)
leave --- be away from，
get to know --- know，
go (get) out →be out，
put on→ wear
catch a cold →have a cold
marry/get married---be married等。
例:The old man died 4 years ago
----The old man has been dead for 4 years.
---- It is 4 years since the old man died.
----Four years has passed since the old man died.
He joined the Party 2 years ago.
----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago
---- I have had the book for 5 days.
动词相关分类
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响，又叫非点动词。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open，close，finish，begin，come，go，arrive，reach，get to，leave，move，borrow，buy，die等。终止性动词又叫点动词，可用于现在完成时态，但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语，这时可与表示一段时间的的状语连用。
非延续性动词相对应的延续性动词如下：
1. The meetinghas begun / startedfor half an hour.(误)
The meetinghas been onfor half an hour.(对)
2. His fatherhas died for two years.(误)
His fatherhas been dead for two years.(对)
3. Theyhave come here / gone therefor three years.(误)
Theyhave been here / been therefor three years.(对)
4. The concerthas finishedfor half an hour.(误)
The concerthas been overfor half an hour.(对)
5. You canborrowthe book for one week (误)
You cankeepthe book for one week.(对)
6. The boyhas lefthome for one month.(误)
The boyhas been away fromhome for one month.(对)
7. I haveboughtthe book for ten years.(误)
I havehadthe book for ten years.(对)
8. Wehave got to knowhim for many years.(误)
Wehave knownhim for many years.(对)
9. Hehas joinedthe club for two years.(误)
Hehas been a member ofthe club for two years.(对)
Hehas been inthe club for two years.(对)
10. How long has your sisterbecomea teacher?(误)
How long has your sisterbeena teacher?(对)
11. Tomhas caught a coldsince the day before yesterday.(误)
Tomhas had a coldsince the day before yesterday.(对)
12. Shehas put onthis coat for almost a week.(误)
Shehas wornthis coat for almost a week.(对)
13. Theyhave marriedfor eight years.(误)
Theyhave been marriedfor eight years.(对)
14. Tomhas fallen / has gotill for three days.(误)
Tomhas beenill for three days.(对)
15. Hehas fallen asleep / has got to sleepfor fifteen minutes.(误)
He has been asleep for fifteen minutes.(对)
16. The babyhas woken upfor half an hour.(误)
The babyhas been awakefor half an hour.(对)
17. Wehave got upfor twenty minutes.(误)
Wehave been upfor twenty minutes(对)
18. The doorhas opened / closedfor two hours.(误)
The doorhas been open / closefor two hours.(对)
19. Theyhave returned / have come backfor two weeks.(误)
Theyhave been backfor two weeks. (对)
20. Theyhave reached / arrived at / got tothe station for ten minutes.(误)
Theyhave been atthe station for ten minutes.(对)
21. Hehas joinedthe army for five years.(误)
Hehas been inthe army for five years.(对)
22. Theyhave moved toShanghai for four years.(误)
Theyhave been inShanghai for four years.(对)
23. Theyhave come / gone outfor many years.(误)
Theyhave been outfor many years.(对)
24. Ihave lostthe key for two days.(误)
Ihaven't hadthe key for two days.(对)
25. Wehave openedthe door for two hours.(误)
Wehave kept thedooropenfor two hours.(对)
26. Maryhas madefriends with Rose since they met in 2000.(误)
Maryhas beenfriends with Rose since they met in 2000.(对)
27. Hehas fallenin love with Mary for two years.(误)
Hehas beenin love with Mary for two years.(对)
28. The bushas stoppedon the road for 2 hours so far.(误)
The bushas beenon the road for 2 hours so far.(对)
29. Are youputting onthe jacket these days?(误)
Are youwearingthe jacket these days?(对)
30. Ihave lent himthe book for two weeks.(误)
Ihave let him havethe book for two weeks.(对)
31. Hehas gone to bedfor two hours.(误)
Hehas been in bedfor two hours.(对)
